See this theme in hall 13
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The idea of an independent Latvian state developed around the turn of the 20th century, and favourable conditions for its realisation came about at the close of the First World War. On 18 November 1918, under the conditions of German occupation, the National Assembly, which united the majority of Latvian political parties and social organisations, proclaimed the Republic of Latvia. A Provisional Government was formed, headed by K. Ulmanis. As a counterforce, on 4 December in Moscow, the Latvian Bolsheviks formed a Soviet provisional government headed by P. Stučka . The Red Army began an armed struggle in the Baltic. In May 1919, a pro-German government was also formed, led by A. Niedra. In the course of the War of Liberation (1919–1920) the Latvian Provisional Government succeeded in freeing the territory of Latvia from all invaders. In order to draft a constitution for the new state the National Assembly held elections to the Constitutional Assembly on 17/18 April 1920. On 11 August 1920, peace was concluded with Soviet Russia, which relinquished all claims to Latvia . On 22 September 1921, Latvia joined the League of Nations. The Constitution came into force on 7 November 1922. Latvia became a democratic parliamentary republic, with a president elected by parliament.
Successfully resolved were the issues essential to building up and developing the state. The Bank of Latvia emitted a national currency—the lat. Roads and railways were renewed. Electricity production was boosted with the building of the Íegums Hydro-Power Station . The pressing issue of land was resolved with the passing of an Agrarian Reform Law. Dairy farming, stock-keeping and horticulture became the main branches of agriculture. The main branches of industry were the food industry, timber working, chemicals and metalworking. The miniature camera Minox, manufactured by the State Electronics Factory, became widely known in the world. A carefully thought-out and systematic educational policy was realised, and the comprehensive development of Latvian culture was provided for.
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